CentOS8 网卡命令使用|CentOS8 重启网卡方法
nmcli命令整理
概述
因为CentOS 8 弃用network.service，采用NetworkManager（NM）为网卡启用命令。当然，CentOS 8 可以安装network.service作为网卡服务，但为了适应版本，此次还是得介绍NM命令的使用，同时CentOS7也支持nmcli命令
特性
可自动补全
另一种形式的ifconfig
命令介绍
nmcli
总命令介绍
nmcli
nmcli
enp2s0: connected to enp2s0 #网卡名称
"Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411" #网卡驱动，型号
ethernet (r8169), 18:60:24:75:C0:CD, hw, mtu 1500 #网卡详细信息
ip4 default #默认ipv4配置
inet4 10.191.142.7/24 #设置的ip地址以及子网掩码
route4 10.191.142.0/24 #网关
route4 0.0.0.0/0 #网关
inet6 fe80::1a60:24ff:fe75:c0cd/64 #ipv6无设置
route6 fe80::/64 #ipv6网关无设置
route6 ff00::/8 #ipv6网关无设置
wlp3s0: disconnected
"Intel Wireless-AC 3168NGW"
wifi (iwlwifi), B6:36:E1:E5:A3:F2, hw, mtu 1500
p2p-dev-wlp3s0: disconnected
"p2p-dev-wlp3s0"
wifi-p2p, hw
virbr0: unmanaged
"virbr0"
bridge, 52:54:00:1D:7F:97, sw, mtu 1500
lo: unmanaged #本地连接默认为umanaged
"lo"
loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu 65536
virbr0-nic: unmanaged
"virbr0-nic"
tun, 52:54:00:1D:7F:97, sw, mtu 1500
DNS configuration: #DNS服务器设置
servers: 10.191.142.129 202.205.160.3 219.142.50.126
interface: enp2s0
Use "nmcli device show" to get complete information about known devices and
"nmcli connection show" to get an overview on active connection profiles.
Consult nmcli(1) and nmcli-examples(7) manual pages for complete usage details.
查看命令整理
查看网卡
查看网卡设备信息
nmcli
[见“总命令介绍” ](### 总命令介绍)
查看网卡设备详细信息
nmcli device show / nmcli device show enp2s0
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli device show
GENERAL.DEVICE: enp2s0
GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR: 18:60:24:75:C0:CD
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: enp2s0
GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 10.191.142.7/24
IP4.GATEWAY: 10.191.142.1
IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst = 10.191.142.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
IP4.ROUTE[2]: dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 10.191.142.1, mt = 100
IP4.DNS[1]: 10.191.142.129
IP4.DNS[2]: 202.205.160.3
IP4.DNS[3]: 219.142.50.126
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::1a60:24ff:fe75:c0cd/64
IP6.GATEWAY: --
IP6.ROUTE[1]: dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 100
IP6.ROUTE[2]: dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255
GENERAL.DEVICE: wlp3s0
GENERAL.TYPE: wifi
GENERAL.HWADDR: F2:10:DB:8E:57:EB
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 30 (disconnected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: --
GENERAL.CON-PATH: --
GENERAL.DEVICE: p2p-dev-wlp3s0
GENERAL.TYPE: wifi-p2p
GENERAL.HWADDR: (unknown)
GENERAL.MTU: 0
GENERAL.STATE: 30 (disconnected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: --
GENERAL.CON-PATH: --
GENERAL.DEVICE: virbr0
GENERAL.TYPE: bridge
GENERAL.HWADDR: 52:54:00:1D:7F:97
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 10 (unmanaged)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: --
GENERAL.CON-PATH: --
GENERAL.DEVICE: lo
GENERAL.TYPE: loopback
GENERAL.HWADDR: 00:00:00:00:00:00
GENERAL.MTU: 65536
GENERAL.STATE: 10 (unmanaged)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: --
GENERAL.CON-PATH: --
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 127.0.0.1/8
IP4.GATEWAY: --
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: ::1/128
IP6.GATEWAY: --
IP6.ROUTE[1]: dst = ::1/128, nh = ::, mt = 256
GENERAL.DEVICE: virbr0-nic
GENERAL.TYPE: tun
GENERAL.HWADDR: 52:54:00:1D:7F:97
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 10 (unmanaged)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: --
GENERAL.CON-PATH: --
网卡相关信息查看
查看网卡设备状态
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli device status #查看网卡设备状态
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
enp2s0 ethernet connected enp2s0
wlp3s0 wifi disconnected --
p2p-dev-wlp3s0 wifi-p2p disconnected --
virbr0 bridge unmanaged --
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tun unmanaged --
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show #查看网卡信息
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
enp2s0 0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb ethernet enp2s0
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli con show #查看网卡信息
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
enp2s0 0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb ethernet enp2s0
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli c show #查看网卡信息
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
enp2s0 0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb ethernet enp2s0
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli c #查看网卡信息
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
enp2s0 0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb ethernet enp2s0
查看所有活动连接
[root@GKFZ ~]# nmcli connection show #查看所有连接
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
em1 be94ea60-4cc5-41ab-9331-dd680beed08f ethernet em1
br-00c37415a37a 0875ceb9-e285-40a6-9bed-3d09cbf3c588 bridge br-00c37415a37a
em2 406f7d44-ce8f-4c9d-9285-b7edc7f8ea8d ethernet em2
em3 3dc981b1-67df-4201-ae7b-07e608f8f47e ethernet em3
em4 4e6a1d72-617e-4d3e-b71d-23563ab1efea ethernet --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show --active #查看所有活动连接
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
enp2s0 0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb ethernet enp2s0
查看网卡信息
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli c show enp2s0 #查看指定网卡具体信息
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli con show enp2s0 #查看指定网卡具体信息
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show enp2s0 #查看指定网卡具体信息
connection.id: enp2s0
connection.uuid: 0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb
connection.stable-id: --
connection.type: 802-3-ethernet
connection.interface-name: enp2s0
connection.autoconnect: yes
connection.autoconnect-priority: 0
connection.autoconnect-retries: -1 (default)
connection.multi-connect: 0 (default)
connection.auth-retries: -1
connection.timestamp: 1634019437
connection.read-only: no
connection.permissions: --
connection.zone: --
connection.master: --
connection.slave-type: --
connection.autoconnect-slaves: -1 (default)
connection.secondaries: --
connection.gateway-ping-timeout: 0
connection.metered: unknown
connection.lldp: default
connection.mdns: -1 (default)
connection.llmnr: -1 (default)
connection.wait-device-timeout: -1
802-3-ethernet.port: --
802-3-ethernet.speed: 0
802-3-ethernet.duplex: --
802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate: no
802-3-ethernet.mac-address: --
802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address: --
802-3-ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask:--
802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist: --
802-3-ethernet.mtu: auto
802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels: --
802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype: --
802-3-ethernet.s390-options: --
802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan: default
802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password: --
ipv4.method: manual
ipv4.dns: 10.191.142.129,202.205.160.3,219.142.50.126
启动、停止与重载
[root@GKFZ ~]# nmcli connection up em1 # 启用网卡enp2s0
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/17)
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection down enp2s0 # 停用网卡enp2s0--若已配置开机自动连接，重启后可被自动激活
Connection 'enp2s0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
[root@GKFZ ~]# nmcli device disconnect em1 # 停用网卡enp2s0--重启后也不能自动激活
Device 'em1' successfully disconnected.
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection reload enp2s0 # 重启网卡命令
添加与删除
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name eth-winjay ifname enp2s0
#添加一个名为eth-winjay的网卡连接，_____于enp2s0；配置文件目录/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/* ，添加配置时，自动生成网卡配置文件
Connection 'eth-winjay' (f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237) successfully added.
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
enp2s0 0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb ethernet enp2s0
eth-winjay f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237 ethernet --
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection up eth-winjay #网卡切换了，原enp2s0连接已断开，启用了eth-winjay这个新连接以上网
可以看到原enp2s0连接已断开。
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
eth-winjay f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237 ethernet enp2s0
enp2s0 0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb ethernet --
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection delete eth-winjay #删除eth-winja这个连接
Connection 'eth-winjay' (f1c6cced-502d-45da-9e04-cde129ad4237) successfully deleted.
[root@CentOS8 ~]# nmcli connection show --active
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
enp2s0 0326d4e0-8e71-48d0-97f9-88028b31badb ethernet enp2s0
配置
修改的是网卡配置文件
nmcli connection modify enp2s0 connection.autoconnect yes #设置为自启动网卡（ONBOOT=yes）
nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.123.206/24 #设置IP地址获取方式是手动（BOOTPROTO=none)
nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.method auto #设置IP地址获取方式是DHCP（BOOTPROTO=dhcp）
nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.addresses 10.191.142.8/24 #修改IP地址（IPADDR=10.191.142.8 PREFIX=24）
nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.gateway 10.191.142.0 #修改网关（GATEWAY=10.191.142.0）
nmcli connection modify enp2s0 +ipv4.addresses 10.191.142.6/24 #添加第二个IP地址（IPADDR1=172.16.10.10 PREFIX1=24）
nmcli connection modify enp2s0 ipv4.dns 10.191.142.9 #添加DNS（DNS1=10.191.142.9）
nmcli connection modify enp2s0 +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 #添加第二个DNS（DNS2=8.8.8.8）
nmcli connection modify enp2s0 -ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8 #删除第二个DNS（DNS2=8.8.8.8）
linux 关闭virbr0网卡
ifconfig virbr0 down #关闭virbr0网卡
brctl delbr virbr0 #删除virbr0网卡
systemctl disable libvirtd.service #因为虚拟网卡是libvirtd服务创建的，而该服务在Linux中没有太大用处
评论区